Context
For day-to-day needs, people are dependent on a finite fuel energy source (fossil fuels), which is not only causing irreparable damage to human life and health and taking a toll on the environment.
In this regard, NITI Aayog’s 'Methanol Economy' programme aims to reduce dependency on fossil fuel and provide a sustainable alternative to conserve the environment.
What is methanol?
- Methanol is a low carbon, hydrogen carrier fuel produced from high ash coal, agricultural residue, CO2 from thermal power plants and natural gas.
- 'Methanol can replace both fuels, petrol and diesel in
- Transport sector (road, rail and marine).
- Energy sector (comprising DG sets, boilers, process heating modules, tractors and commercial vehicles).
- Retail cooking (replacing LPG [partially], kerosene and wood charcoal).
Fossil Fuels
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Fossil fuels are non-renewable sources where stored energy is released through combustion, such as coal, natural gas, petroleum and they account for almost 80% of energy used worldwide.
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How can it help to bring down GHG?
- Blending of 15% methanol in gasoline can result in at least 15% reduction in the import of gasoline/crude oil.
- This would bring down GHG emissions by 20% in terms of particulate matter, NOx, and SOx, thereby improving the urban air quality.
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Other sources like solar and electrical energy are also emerging as alternative energy sources to support our manufacturing and transportation needs.
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About methanol economy programme
Objectives of Methanol Economy programme
- The Methanol Economy will also create close to 5 million jobs through methanol production/application and distribution services.
- Rs 6000 crore can be saved annually by blending 20% DME (Di-methyl Ether, a derivative of methanol) in LPG.
- This will help the consumer in saving between Rs 50-100 per cylinder.
Important Regulations
- The Bureau of Indian Standards has notified 20% DME blending with LPG.
- M-15, M-85, M-100 blends have been issued by the Ministry of Road, Transport and Highways.
- Test standards and plans for the M-15 blend are being developed in consultation with the Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Automotive Research Association of India and Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers.
- In the railway sector, RDSO is working towards blending methanol in the range of 5-20% through direct fuel injection in locomotives.
