Genetically modified cowpea clears its first hurdle in Ghana

Context

Genetically modified (GM) cowpea has cleared the first of the three regulatory hurdles in the way of commercialisation in Ghana. 

• If it is commercialised, it will be the first GM crop grown in the country – a major milestone. 

About Cowpea

• Cowpea – black-eyed pea in some parts of the world – is a major source of protein in Ghana and the rest of the sub-continent. 
• It is integral to Ghana’s food security. 
• It is a staple, especially in the northern part of Ghana, where it is second only to groundnut in terms of area cultivated. 
• Ghana is the fifth largest producer of cowpea in Africa.
• While cowpea production is essential for Ghana, farmers face many challenges, including an array of pests. 

GM Cowpea

• The GM cowpea has been genetically engineered to resist the Maruca pod borer. 
• The hope is that this resistance will help decrease the amount of insecticide farmers have been using to control pests and increase yields. 
• Insecticides are known to be deleterious to human health, but their use is on the rise throughout Africa.

• If Ghana commercialises GM cowpea, it will join Nigeria as the second country in the world to grow it. 
• While GM crops so far have a mixed legacy in Africa, proponents hope that GM cowpea could change that narrative.