Dholavira, the 40thUNESCO’s World heritage site of India
- Posted By
10Pointer
- Categories
History & Culture
- Published
28th Jul, 2021
-
Context
Dholavira, the archaeological site of a Harappan-era city has received the UNESCO world heritage site tag. Dholavira became the fourth site from Gujarat and 40th site from India to make to the list. It is the first site of the Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) in India to get recognition.
Important facts about Dholavira
- The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC)city is located on a hillock near the present-day Dholavira village in the Kutch district.
- Dholavira is located on Khadir Island.
- The site was discovered in 1968 by archaeologist Jagat Pati Joshi and was excavated between 1990 and 2005 under the supervision of archaeologist Ravindra Singh Bisht.
- After Mohen-jo-Daro, Ganweriwala, and Harappa in Pakistan and Rakhigarhi in Haryana of India, Dholavira is the fifth largest metropolis of IVC.
- The ancient city was a commercial and manufacturing hub for about 1,500 years.
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What are the distinct features of this ancient site?
- The site has a fortified citadel, a middle town, and a lower town.
- The walls of the city are made of sandstone or limestone instead of mud bricks like in many other Harappan sites.
- The city also has a cascading series of water reservoirs, outer fortification, and two multi-purpose grounds, one for festivities and another used as a marketplace.
- It also had nine gates with unique designs, and funerary architecture, which featured tumulus hemispherical structures like Buddhist Stupas.
- Like the graves at other IVC sites, no mortal remains of humans are discovered at Dholavira.
- Memorials that contain no bones or ashes but contain offerings of precious stones, etc. add a new dimension.
Links with other civilizations
- People in Dholavira knew metallurgy.
- The traders of Dholavira used to source copper ore from Rajasthan, Oman, and UAE and export finished products.
- The manufacturing of jewelry that was made of shells and semi-precious stones, like agate also took place.
- Export of timber is also noticed.
- The beads specific to the Harappan workmanship have also been found in the royal graves of Mesopotamia that indicatesDholavira used to trade with the Mesopotamians.
![](https://basix.in//stadmin/uploads/images//purani.jpg)
Reasons behind the decline
- Dholavira entered a phase of severe aridity due to climate change and rivers like Saraswati drying up.
- Because of the drought-like situation, the people at Dholavira started migration toward the Ganges valley or towards southern Gujarat and further beyond in Maharashtra.
Other Harappan sites in Gujarat
- Lothal, in Saragwala village on the bank of Sabarmati in
- Rangpur on the bank of Bhadar river in Surendranagar district
- Rojdi in Rajkot district
- Prabhas near Veraval in GirSomnath district
- Lakhabaval in Jamnagar
- Deshalpar in Bhujtaluka of Kutch
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